{"id":3035,"date":"2024-06-16T01:11:39","date_gmt":"2024-06-16T04:11:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/?p=3035"},"modified":"2024-06-16T01:11:41","modified_gmt":"2024-06-16T04:11:41","slug":"3035","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/2024\/06\/16\/3035\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull\" style=\"padding-top:20px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:20px;min-height:635px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-80 has-background-dim\"><\/span><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-168\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/elreportivodeolimpia.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/sports-tools.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\"\/><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignfull is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/08-SERA-VERDAD-2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3036 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/08-SERA-VERDAD-2-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/08-SERA-VERDAD-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/08-SERA-VERDAD-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/08-SERA-VERDAD-2-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/08-SERA-VERDAD-2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">    Cuatro a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s del descubrimiento de la estructura del ADN, la investigaci\u00f3n de la gen\u00e9tica humana entr\u00f3 en un per\u00edodo de gran auge y uno de esos hitos fue el inicio de la terapia g\u00e9nica. Hacia fines del siglo XXI y comienzos del presente, ninguna otra \u00e1rea de la investigaci\u00f3n ha despertado tantas expectativas y ha generado tan amargas desilusiones como esta terapia que identifica los an\u00f3malos o la ausencia de otros genes causantes de enfermedades hereditarias, para proceder a cambiarlos o a reponerlos por genes sanos. Ya en septiembre de 1990, W. French Anderson, Michael Blaese y Kenneth Culver, de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud (NIH) de los Estados Unidos, realizaron la primera prueba de terapia g\u00e9nica autorizada oficialmente. Se trataba de una ni\u00f1a de cuatro a\u00f1os de edad llamada Ashanthi DeSilva, portadora de una inmunodeficiencia extremadamente rara llamada &#8220;deficiencia de la adenosina deaminasa&#8221; (ADA en sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s), m\u00e1s conocida como enfermedad del ni\u00f1o burbuja. Tan rara es la enfermedad que muchos cient\u00edficos dicen que hay m\u00e1s m\u00e9dicos que la estudian que pacientes que la padecen. El ADA es una enzima esencial para un componente muy importante del sistema inmunol\u00f3gico: las llamadas &#8220;c\u00e9lulas T. Incapaz de sintetizar dicha enzima, la ni\u00f1a depend\u00eda, desde los dos a\u00f1os de edad, de unos costosos suplementos de prote\u00edna ADA pura. En este hist\u00f3rico ensayo, se introdujeron unos virus inertes que conten\u00edan el gen sano del ADA en m\u00e1s de mil millones de c\u00e9lulas T purificadas que luego se volvieron a inyectar a la ni\u00f1a. Cinco a\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde, y luego de un tratamiento ininterrumpido, se comprob\u00f3 que, si bien algunas c\u00e9lulas trasplantadas estaban produciendo ADA, la terapia no hab\u00eda curado de manera permanente a Ashanti ni a otros pacientes infantiles que se sumaron. Durante los a\u00f1os 90, unos 3 mil pacientes recibieron terapia g\u00e9nica para la fibrosis qu\u00edstica, la hemofilia, la distrofia muscular, el SIDA, el c\u00e1ncer y otras enfermedades, pero el alivio ofrecido por estos tratamientos fue hasta entonces ef\u00edmero. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fuente: Diccionario Cient\u00edfico \u2013 Sergio Prenafeta J<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-post-date has-text-color has-ast-global-color-5-color has-background has-vivid-red-background-color has-medium-font-size\"><time datetime=\"2024-06-16T01:11:39-03:00\">16\/Jun\/2024<\/time><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3036,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"plain-container","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"unboxed","site-sidebar-style":"unboxed","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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