{"id":6532,"date":"2026-03-14T17:53:10","date_gmt":"2026-03-14T20:53:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/?p=6532"},"modified":"2026-03-14T17:53:15","modified_gmt":"2026-03-14T20:53:15","slug":"6532","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/2026\/03\/14\/6532\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull\" style=\"padding-top:20px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:20px;min-height:635px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-168\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/elreportivodeolimpia.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/sports-tools.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\"\/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-80 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignfull is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6533 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El ejercicio f\u00edsico (especialmente el aer\u00f3bico de intensidad moderada a alta, como correr, nadar, ciclismo o HIIT) es uno de los est\u00edmulos m\u00e1s potentes que conocemos para inducir neurog\u00e9nesis adulta, es decir, la formaci\u00f3n de nuevas neuronas en el cerebro maduro.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Esto ocurre principalmente en el hipocampo (zona subgranular del giro dentado), regi\u00f3n clave para la memoria, el aprendizaje y la regulaci\u00f3n emocional. Estudios en humanos y animales muestran que el ejercicio puede duplicar o m\u00e1s la tasa de generaci\u00f3n de nuevas neuronas en semanas\/meses de pr\u00e1ctica regular.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>* Principales mecanismos por los cuales el deporte promueve la neurog\u00e9nesis<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Aumento masivo de BDNF (Factor Neurotr\u00f3fico Derivado del Cerebro)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Es el mecanismo m\u00e1s estudiado y central. El BDNF act\u00faa como \u201cfertilizante\u201d para las neuronas: promueve la proliferaci\u00f3n, diferenciaci\u00f3n, supervivencia y maduraci\u00f3n de las nuevas neuronas, adem\u00e1s de fortalecer sinapsis existentes (plasticidad sin\u00e1ptica).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0El ejercicio aer\u00f3bico eleva los niveles de BDNF en sangre y cerebro de forma muy significativa (especialmente en hipocampo).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Irisina (FNDC5\/Irisin) \u2013 el mensajero muscular-cerebral<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Durante el ejercicio, los m\u00fasculos liberan irisin (una mioquina). La irisin viaja por la sangre, cruza la barrera hematoencef\u00e1lica y estimula directamente la expresi\u00f3n de BDNF en el hipocampo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Estudios recientes (2024-2025) muestran que inyectar ves\u00edculas extracelulares con irisin de animales que hicieron ejercicio induce neurog\u00e9nesis en animales sedentarios \u2192 es un mecanismo causal directo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>* Ves\u00edculas extracelulares (exosomas y microves\u00edculas)<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Los m\u00fasculos y otros tejidos liberan durante el ejercicio peque\u00f1as \u201cves\u00edculas\u201d que funcionan como un sistema de mensajer\u00eda (como \u201cWhatsApp celular\u201d). Estas ves\u00edculas llevan irisin, microARNs, prote\u00ednas y otros factores al cerebro, activando directamente la neurog\u00e9nesis sin necesidad de mayor irrigaci\u00f3n sangu\u00ednea.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>* Otros factores perif\u00e9ricos y sist\u00e9micos importantes<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0IGF-1 (factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina): aumenta con el ejercicio y colabora con BDNF.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0VEGF: promueve angiog\u00e9nesis (nuevos vasos sangu\u00edneos) \u2192 mejor oxigenaci\u00f3n y nutrici\u00f3n del hipocampo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u03b2-hidroxibutirato (BHB): cuerpo cet\u00f3nico que sube con ejercicio prolongado y tambi\u00e9n induce BDNF.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Catepsina B (CTSB): otra mol\u00e9cula liberada por el m\u00fasculo que cruza al cerebro y favorece BDNF\/neurog\u00e9nesis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>* Reducci\u00f3n de inflamaci\u00f3n y estr\u00e9s oxidativo<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0El ejercicio cr\u00f3nico baja la activaci\u00f3n de la inflamaci\u00f3n microglial (v\u00eda NLRP3, por ejemplo) y reduce apoptosis neuronal \u2192 crea un ambiente m\u00e1s favorable para que las nuevas neuronas sobrevivan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fuente: Grok<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-post-date has-text-color has-ast-global-color-5-color has-background has-vivid-red-background-color has-medium-font-size\"><time datetime=\"2026-03-14T17:53:10-03:00\">14\/Mar\/2026<\/time><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6533,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"plain-container","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"unboxed","site-sidebar-style":"unboxed","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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