{"id":7268,"date":"2026-07-24T15:14:24","date_gmt":"2026-07-24T18:14:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/?p=7268"},"modified":"2026-07-25T23:36:08","modified_gmt":"2026-07-26T02:36:08","slug":"7268","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/2026\/07\/24\/7268\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull\" style=\"padding-top:20px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:20px;min-height:635px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-168\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/elreportivodeolimpia.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/sports-tools.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\"\/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-80 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignfull is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-3-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7269 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-3-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-3-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-3-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-3-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-3.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uno de los temas m\u00e1s debatidos actualmente en la ciencia y en el deporte. La respuesta corta es que no existe una \u00fanica &#8220;part\u00edcula&#8221; o un solo marcador biol\u00f3gico que determine de manera absoluta qui\u00e9n es hombre o qui\u00e9n es mujer en todos los contextos. La realidad biol\u00f3gica es m\u00e1s compleja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En el \u00e1mbito cient\u00edfico, los principales factores son los siguientes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. Los cromosomas sexuales. Durante mucho tiempo se consider\u00f3 que la diferencia fundamental era: 46,XX \u2192 mujer. 46,XY \u2192 hombre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta clasificaci\u00f3n sigue siendo v\u00e1lida para la inmensa mayor\u00eda de las personas. Sin embargo, existen diferencias del desarrollo sexual (DSD), como el s\u00edndrome de insensibilidad a los andr\u00f3genos o el s\u00edndrome de Klinefelter (47,XXY), que muestran que los cromosomas, por s\u00ed solos, no explican todos los casos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. El gen SRY: el &#8220;interruptor maestro&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas se ha identificado un elemento clave: el gen SRY (Sex-determining Region Y), ubicado en el cromosoma Y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Su funci\u00f3n es iniciar el desarrollo de los test\u00edculos durante el desarrollo embrionario. Estos test\u00edculos producen testosterona y otras hormonas que dirigen el desarrollo sexual masculino.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En t\u00e9rminos generales: Si el embri\u00f3n posee un cromosoma Y con un gen SRY funcional, se inicia el desarrollo masculino. Si no existe ese gen funcional, el desarrollo sigue la v\u00eda femenina. Por ello, muchos bi\u00f3logos consideran al gen SRY el principal desencadenante gen\u00e9tico de la diferenciaci\u00f3n sexual, aunque no act\u00faa de forma aislada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. La testosterona: En el deporte de alto rendimiento, el debate no se centra \u00fanicamente en los cromosomas o el gen SRY, sino tambi\u00e9n en la testosterona, porque influye en: masa muscular, fuerza, potencia, densidad \u00f3sea, producci\u00f3n de gl\u00f3bulos rojos, capacidad de recuperaci\u00f3n. Por esta raz\u00f3n, muchas federaciones deportivas han utilizado niveles de testosterona como criterio de elegibilidad para algunas competiciones femeninas, aunque las normas var\u00edan seg\u00fan el deporte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 sigue existiendo debate?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aunque la biolog\u00eda identifica claramente el sexo en la inmensa mayor\u00eda de las personas, el deporte debe abordar situaciones menos frecuentes, como: personas transg\u00e9nero, personas con diferencias del desarrollo sexual (DSD),<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">los efectos de tratamientos hormonales, cu\u00e1nto tiempo persisten ciertas ventajas fisiol\u00f3gicas tras una transici\u00f3n. Responder a estas preguntas requiere integrar gen\u00e9tica, endocrinolog\u00eda, fisiolog\u00eda y evidencia deportiva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 dicen las investigaciones m\u00e1s recientes? La investigaci\u00f3n indica que la exposici\u00f3n a la testosterona durante la pubertad masculina produce adaptaciones que pueden persistir incluso despu\u00e9s de reducir los niveles hormonales, entre ellas: mayor estatura promedio, huesos m\u00e1s largos y robustos, mayor tama\u00f1o card\u00edaco y pulmonar, mayor masa muscular, mayor fuerza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La magnitud y relevancia competitiva de estas diferencias depende del deporte y sigue siendo objeto de estudio cient\u00edfico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 hacen hoy las organizaciones deportivas? No existe una regla universal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Algunas federaciones internacionales restringen la participaci\u00f3n en determinadas categor\u00edas femeninas cuando hubo pubertad masculina, mientras que otras aplican criterios diferentes seg\u00fan la disciplina, bas\u00e1ndose en la evidencia disponible para ese deporte espec\u00edfico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La ciencia actual considera que: El gen SRY, ubicado en el cromosoma Y, es el principal desencadenante gen\u00e9tico del desarrollo masculino. Los cromosomas XX y XY siguen siendo el criterio biol\u00f3gico b\u00e1sico para la mayor\u00eda de las personas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La testosterona y los cambios fisiol\u00f3gicos asociados a la pubertad desempe\u00f1an un papel central en el rendimiento deportivo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No existe una \u00fanica mol\u00e9cula, &#8220;part\u00edcula&#8221; o marcador que, por s\u00ed solo, resuelva todos los casos relacionados con la elegibilidad deportiva. Por ello, las decisiones en el deporte de alto rendimiento se basan en un conjunto de evidencias biol\u00f3gicas y fisiol\u00f3gicas, y contin\u00faan evolucionando conforme aparecen nuevos estudios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fuente: ChatGPT<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7269,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"plain-container","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"unboxed","site-sidebar-style":"unboxed","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-olimpia-50-anos"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7268"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7271,"href":"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7268\/revisions\/7271"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}