{"id":7386,"date":"2026-08-21T19:44:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-21T22:44:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/?p=7386"},"modified":"2026-08-21T19:44:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T22:44:16","slug":"7386","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/2026\/08\/21\/7386\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull\" style=\"padding-top:20px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:20px;min-height:635px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-168\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/elreportivodeolimpia.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/sports-tools.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\"\/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-80 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignfull is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/8-2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7387 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/8-2-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/8-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/8-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/8-2-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/elreportivo.cl\/olimpia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/8-2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La funci\u00f3n del lector \/2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Era el medio siglo de la muerte de C\u00e9sar Vallejo, y hubo celebraciones. En Espa\u00f1a, Julio V\u00e9lez organiz\u00f3 conferencias, seminarios, ediciones y una exposici\u00f3n que ofrec\u00eda im\u00e1genes del poeta, su tierra, su tiempo y su gente. Pero en esos d\u00edas Julio V\u00e9lez conoci\u00f3 a Jos\u00e9 Manuel Casta\u00f1\u00f3n; y entonces todo homenaje le result\u00f3 enano. Jos\u00e9 Manuel Casta\u00f1\u00f3n hab\u00eda sido capit\u00e1n en la guerra espa\u00f1ola. Peleando por Franco hab\u00eda perdido una mano y hab\u00eda ganado algunas medallas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una noche, poco despu\u00e9s de la guerra, el capit\u00e1n descubri\u00f3, por casualidad, un libro prohibido. Se asom\u00f3, ley\u00f3 un verso, ley\u00f3 dos versos y ya no pudo desprenderse. El capit\u00e1n Casta\u00f1\u00f3n, h\u00e9roe del ej\u00e9rcito vencedor, pas\u00f3 toda la noche en vela, atrapado, leyendo y releyendo a C\u00e9sar Vallejo, poeta de los vencidos. Y al amanecer de esa noche, renunci\u00f3 al ej\u00e9rcito y se neg\u00f3 a cobrar ni una peseta m\u00e1s del gobierno de Franco. Despu\u00e9s, lo metieron preso: y se fue al exilio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Celebraci\u00f3n de la voz humana \/1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los indios shuar, los llamados j\u00edbaros, cortan la cabeza del vencido. La cortan y la reducen hasta que cabe en un pu\u00f1o, para que el vencido no resucite. Pero el vencido no est\u00e1 del todo vencido hasta que le cierran la boca. Por eso le cosen los labios con una fibra que jam\u00e1s se pudre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Celebraci\u00f3n de la voz humana \/2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ten\u00edan las manos atadas o esposadas, y sin embargo los dedos danzaban. Los presos estaban encapuchados: pero inclin\u00e1ndose alcanzaban a ver algo, alguito, por abajo. Aunque hablar, estaba prohibido, ellos conversaban con las manos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pinio Ungerfeld me ense\u00f1\u00f3 el alfabeto de los dedos, que en prisi\u00f3n aprendi\u00f3 sin profesor: \u2014Algunos ten\u00edamos mala letra \u2014me dijo\u2014. Otros eran unos artistas de la caligraf\u00eda. La dictadura uruguaya quer\u00eda que cada uno fuera nada m\u00e1s que uno, que cada uno fuera nadie; en c\u00e1rceles y cuarteles y en todo el pa\u00eds, la comunicaci\u00f3n era delito.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Algunos presos pasaron m\u00e1s de diez a\u00f1os enterrados en solitarios calabozos del tama\u00f1o de un ata\u00fad, sin escuchar m\u00e1s voces que el estr\u00e9pito de las rejas o los pasos de las botas por los corredores. Fern\u00e1ndez Huidobro y Mauricio Rosencof, condenados a esa soledad, se salvaron porque pudieron hablarse, con golpecitos a trav\u00e9s de la pared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As\u00ed se contaban sue\u00f1os y recuerdos, amores y desamores: discut\u00edan, se abrazaban, se peleaban; compart\u00edan certezas y bellezas y tambi\u00e9n compart\u00edan dudas y culpas y preguntas de esas que no tienen respuestas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cuando es verdadera, cuando nace de la necesidad de decir, a la voz humana no hay quien la pare. Si le niegan la boca, ella habla por las manos, o por los ojos, o por los poros, o por donde sea. Porque todos, toditos, tenemos algo que decir a los dem\u00e1s, alguna cosa que merece ser por los dem\u00e1s celebrada o perdonada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-19f60632-e424-4429-af4f-e9a71328b2bb\">Fuente: Eduardo Galeano<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7387,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"plain-container","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"unboxed","site-sidebar-style":"unboxed","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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